References & Evidence Sources
The source hierarchy behind our Synaptigen label facts, commercial snapshots, safety guidance, microbiome research and healthy-aging content.
Product-specific sources used internally
Current Synaptigen product label, supplied September 10, 2026. This establishes the serving size, servings per container, listed ingredient amounts, CFU statement, suggested use, caution and storage wording used on this site.
Current package and offer graphics, supplied September 10, 2026. These establish the dated price, shipping, guarantee and bonus snapshot. Because no direct seller links are permitted in this build, we do not link to a seller page as a reference.
Independent scientific and regulatory sources
NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — Probiotics: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals
Background on probiotics, strain specificity, labeling, safety, and evidence.
U.S. FDA — Information for Consumers on Using Dietary Supplements
Regulatory and consumer-safety context for dietary supplements.
U.S. FDA — FDA 101: Dietary Supplements
Explains that FDA does not approve dietary supplements for safety and effectiveness before marketing.
PubMed — A comprehensive overview of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and the gut-brain axis
Recent review of bidirectional neural, endocrine, immune and metabolic gut–brain pathways.
PubMed — Probiotics, prebiotics, fermented foods and cognitive outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Randomized-trial evidence review; pooled results did not show a significant global cognitive benefit.
PubMed — The effects of inulin on gut microbial composition: a systematic review of human studies
Human evidence on inulin-type fructans and gut-microbiota outcomes.
PubMed — The Prebiotic Potential of Inulin-Type Fructans: A Systematic Review
Additional systematic-review context for inulin-type fructans.
PubMed — A review of probiotic supplementation in healthy adults: helpful or hype?
Review of probiotic supplementation in generally healthy adults.
PubMed — Influence of oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12: systematic review
Strain-specific evidence context for S. salivarius K12; not proof for an unspecified strain.
PubMed — Safety assessment of Streptococcus salivarius DB-B5 as a probiotic candidate
Illustrates why strain identification matters when discussing probiotic evidence.
National Institute on Aging — Cognitive Health and Older Adults
Evidence-aware guidance on cognitive health, lifestyle factors, diet, activity, sleep and healthy aging.
National Institute on Aging — Healthy Eating, Nutrition, and Diet
Healthy-eating guidance for older adults and nutrient-dense dietary patterns.
CDC — Physical Activity Boosts Brain Health
Current CDC summary of physical activity and brain-health benefits.
NICHD, NIH — Sleep
NIH overview of sleep, learning, memory and health.
National Institute on Aging — Sleep and Older Adults
Sleep patterns, sleep health and memory context for older adults.
PubMed — Does Hydration Status Influence Executive Function? A Systematic Review
Systematic review finding mixed/heterogeneous evidence across hydration status and executive-function outcomes.
PubMed — The effect of probiotics on cognitive function across the human lifespan: systematic review
Human trial review emphasizing promising signals in some groups alongside evidence-quality limitations.
PubMed — Efficacy and safety of probiotic supplements on cognitive function: systematic review and meta-analysis
Recent evidence synthesis reporting possible cognitive effects but low to very-low certainty.
PubMed — The microbiota-gut-brain axis in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: scoping review
2026 human-evidence scoping review describing emerging associations and intervention findings while emphasizing heterogeneity and limits to causal inference.
How to read our references
References support only the statements they actually address. An inulin systematic review can support general discussion of inulin-type fructans, but it does not prove the finished Synaptigen formula improves cognition. A study on a named probiotic strain cannot be assumed to apply to an unspecified strain. Lifestyle sources provide healthy-aging context and are not used to imply that Synaptigen reproduces the benefits of sleep, exercise or nutrition.